Foto: iStock
Nilai properti adalah proses penentuan dari nilai pasar, investasi, asuransi atau jenis nilai lainnya, terhadap sebuah properti.
Biasanya, kegiatan penilaian ini dilakukan para penilai properti melalui bank atau melalui pihak ketiga.
Hasil dari nilai properti tersebut dibutuhkan oleh banyak pihak, mulai dari penjual, agen properti, dan investor yang sedang mencari aset investasi properti.
Melalui artikel ini, Anda akan mengetahui cara menghitung nilai properti, dan seluk-beluk lainnya seputar topik itu, mulai dari faktor yang memengaruhi nilai properti dan tips untuk mengetahui nilai properti pribadi.
Setelah mengetahui nilai properti yang sesuai, Anda dapat menjual rumah sendiri secara langsung melalui fitur homeowner Rumah123.
Langsung saja, berikut adalah pembahasan lengkap seputar nilai properti.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Nilai Properti
Foto: Perfect Agent
1. Lokasi
Nilai properti di tengah kota dan dekat berbagai fasilitas publik, seperti tol, bandara, dan mall, tentu memiliki nilai lebih tinggi ketimbang properti di pinggiran kota.
Contohnya, adalah Parkland Podomoro yang berada di Karawang Barat, hanya 5 menit ke Tol Karawang Barat, 10 menit ke Stasiun Kereta Cepat, dan 12 menit ke Resinda Park Mall.
Faktor lokasi lainnya yang memengaruhi meningkatnya nilai properti, adalah kemudahan akses, seperti jalan di depan rumah yang mudah dilalui mobil dan motor.
2. Usia dan Model Bangunan
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Masyarakat tentu lebih menyukai properti dengan model bangunan kekinian, seperti desain minimalis atau Skandinavia, dan usia bangunan yang masih muda, kurang dari 10 tahun.
Karena itu, jangan heran rumah di Arthalia Lakeview memiliki nilai properti yang berpotensi terus meningkat, karena mengusung desain Scandinavian tropical modern yang berada di sebelah danau wisata.
3. Bentuk Tanah
Beberapa pembeli menyukai bentuk tanah yang simetris, seperti persegi, memanjang, kotak, atau hook.
Alasannya sederhana, penentuan tata letak bangunan properti lebih mudah ditentukan di tanah berbentuk simetris.
4. Kenaikan Harga di Sekitar Properti
Harga dari sebuah properti umumnya mengikuti harga pasar.
Apabila harga properti di sekitarnya mengalami kenaikan, biasanya harga properti yang Anda miliki juga mengalami kenaikan.
Biasanya, kenaikan tersebut karena faktor prospek lokasinya, seperti rumah dekat stasiun yang mendapatkan fasilitas baru, atau ada pembangunan pusat perbelanjaan dan pembukaan gerbang tol.
Tips untuk Mengetahui Nilai Properti Pribadi
Foto: The Motley Fool
1. Bertanya pada Penilai Properti
Pertama, kamu bisa bertanya kepada penilai properti atau appraiser.
Mereka bertugas untuk memberikan estimasi dan pendapat atas nilai ekonomi suatu objek penilaian atau properti.
Tak hanya bekerja untuk bank, ada juga appraiser yang bisa kita minta bantuan untuk bekerja secara independen.
Di Indonesia, profesi appraiser bernaung dalam wadah Masyarakat Profesi Penilai Indonesia (MAPPI).
2. Harga Per Meter
Tips untuk mengetahui nilai properti berikutnya adalah dengan mengecek ukuran properti, mulai dari luas tanah dan luas bangunan.
Anda bisa memeriksa berapa harga tanah dan bangunan per meternya di lokasi bangunan berdiri.
Baca juga:
Panduan Cara Menghitung Luas Tanah secara Mudah dan Tepat
3. Cari Perbandingan
Ini adalah tips yang paling mudah dilakukan. Anda bisa membandingkan satu properti dengan properti serupa, seperti membandingkan dua rumah tipe 45 di lokasi yang berdekatan.
Agar lebih praktis, Anda bisa memanfaatkan situs jual-beli properti seperti Rumah123.
Perhatikan juga detail spesifikasi dari propertinya, misalnya jumlah kamar, jumlah kamar mandi, dan jumlah lantainya. Faktor tersebut juga bisa memengaruhi nilai properti.
4. Analisis Harga
Untuk bisa melakukan hal ini, Anda harus memiliki pengetahuan lebih mengenai harga properti di pasaran.
Selain itu, ada juga kemampuan lainnya yang mesti dimiliki, seperti soal investasi, ekonomi, kebijakan, politik, dll.
Pasalnya, harga properti dipengaruhi juga oleh faktor-faktor tersebut.
5. Cek Kekurangan dan Kelebihannya
Setiap properti tentu memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya tersendiri.
Apabila properti masih memiliki banyak keunggulan, maka nilai properti Anda akan bertahan atau bahkan terus naik mengikuti harga pasar.
Sebaliknya, jika properti memiliki kekurangan atau kerusakan, itu dapat menurunkan harga jual dari properti tersebut.
Cara Menghitung Nilai Properti
1. Berdasarkan NJOP
Foto: Unsplash
Cara penilaian properti yang pertama adalah dengan menggunakan Nilai Jual Objek Pajak (NJOP).
Untuk di kota-kota besar, biasanya nilai NJOP berkisar antara 25–50% dari nilai asli propertinya.
Contohnya, Anda ingin menjual rumah di Mustika Village Sukamulya yang baru ditinggali dua tahun. Spesifikasi rumahnya sebagai berikut:
- Luas Bangunan: 36 m²
- Luas Tanah: 60 m²
- NJOP bangunan: Rp2.500.000
- NJOP tanah: Rp2.500.000
Jadi, perhitungannya adalah:
Total harga tanah: 60 m² x Rp2.500.000 = Rp150.000.000
Total harga bangunan: 36 m² x Rp2.500.000 = Rp90.000.000.
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, patokan untuk nilai jual rumah itu adalah: Rp150.000.00 + Rp90.000.000 = Rp240.000.000.
2. Rata-rata Harga Sewa
Harga sewa properti umumnya berada di kisaran 3-5% dari harga seharusnya.
Contohnya, di Springhill Yume Lagoon terdapat unit Tipe Yuri (30/50) yang harga sewa rumahnya Rp20 juta per tahun.
Dari jumlah tersebut, diketahui harga pasaran rumah tersebut sekitar Rp300–500 juta.
3. Tingkat Kapitalisasi (Capitalization Rate atau Cap Rate)
Rumus dari cap rate adalah sebagai berikut:
Tingkat Kapitalisasi (Cap Rate) = Penghasilan Operasional Bersih : Harga Pembelian
Cara ini biasa digunakan investor untuk menetapkan harga pembelian, dan penilai untuk menentukan nilai pasar.
4. Cek Harga Properti di Rumah123
Selain menggunakan cara-cara di atas, Anda juga dapat menggunakan bantuan Cek Harga Properti Rumah123.
Terlebih jika ingin membeli properti, Anda bisa menggunakan fitur ini untuk mengecek harga terbaru properti di wilayah tertentu.
Berikut cara menggunakannya:
- Masukkan nama lokasi, area, atau jalan yang ingin dicari.
- Pilih spesifikasi rumah, mulai dari luas tanah dan bangunan, jumlah kamar tidur dan kamar mandi hingga carport.
- Klik tombol cari.
Misalnya, Anda ingin mencari rumah berukuran LB 70/LT 70 dengan 2 kamar tidur, 2 kamar mandi, dan carport di Kota Bandung.
Menurut spesifikasi di atas, data nilai properti yang didapatkan adalah sebagai berikut:
Cukup mudah, bukan?
Baca juga:
Begini Cara Jual Beli Rumah Online yang Mudah dan Cepat
Alasan Harus Tahu Nilai Properti
1. Keputusan Pembelian atau Penjualan
Membeli atau menjual properti di saat yang tepat merupakan hal penting.
Kapan saat yang tepat? Jika dalam konteks menjual, tentu ketika harga propertinya sedang tinggi.
Sementara dalam konteks membeli, yaitu ketika harga propertinya sedang rendah.
Jadi, mengetahui nilai properti adalah sebuah keharusan agar keputusan menjual dan membeli properti bisa lebih tepat.
2. Keperluan untuk Pinjaman
Saat hendak meminjam uang di bank dengan agunan tanah atau rumah, Anda tentu harus mengetahui dulu nilai propertinya.
Jadi, mengetahui nilai properti penting untuk perencanaan keuangan, termasuk untuk mendapatkan hipotek atau pinjaman.
3. Investasi Properti
Bagi seorang investor properti, mengetahui nilai properti akan membantu dalam evaluasi potensi return on investment (ROI).
Selain itu, mengetahui nilai properti juga bisa membantu dalam hal perencanaan strategi investasi.
4. Asuransi
Alasan lainnya harus mengetahui nilai properti adalah terkait dengan asuransi.
Anda tentu harus memilih asuransi yang bisa melindungi atau meng-cover harga propertinya, apabila terjadi hal-hal tidak diinginkan.
5. Penyelesaian Sengketa
Terakhir, Anda mesti mengetahui nilai properti agar bisa lebih gampang saat menyelesaikan kasus sengketa hukum atau warisan.
Biasanya, konflik terjadi karena ketidaksesuaian penilaian aset dan pembagian harta.
Mengetahui cara menghitung nilai properti di suatu wilayah merupakan keterampilan penting yang dapat memberikan manfaat signifikan baik untuk pembeli, penjual, maupun investor.
Dalam artikel ini, kami telah membahas berbagai metode dan faktor yang memengaruhi penilaian properti, termasuk faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal, serta tips praktis untuk menentukan nilai properti pribadi.
Semoga bisa menjadi panduan untuk Anda yang hendak menyewa, membeli, atau menjual rumah secara langsung.
Gunakan fitur Tanya Tessa Rumah123 jika ingin bertanya sebelum membeli properti, ya!
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