Syarat jual beli tanah yang sah harus membuat Akta Jual Beli (AJB). Maka itu, artikel ini akan menjawab semua pertanyaan seputar akta jual beli tanah seperti di bawah.
- Apakah akta jual beli tanah sama dengan sertifikat tanah?
- Akta jual beli apakah kuat?
- Apa syarat membuat akta jual beli tanah?
- Berapa biaya bikin akta jual beli tanah?
Nah, untuk menjawab seluruh pertanyaan tersebut, mari kita mengawali pembahasan dengan pengertian akta jual beli tanah terlebih dahulu.
Apa Itu AJB
Akta jual beli tanah adalah dokumen legal yang membuktikan peralihan hak dari pemilik lama (penjual) kepada pemilik baru (pembeli) yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT).
Proses penandatanganan akta jual beli tanah harus disaksikan oleh saksi-saksi. Namun, ada pula akta jual beli tanah dari desa yang bersifat di bawah tangan.
Biasanya masyarakat desa menganggap sah AJB di bawah tangan tersebut. Sayangnya, ia tak memiliki kekuatan di mata hukum, sebab pembuatan AJB itu bukan melalui PPAT.
AJB tanah memiliki beberapa fungsi, di antaranya sebagai berikut.
- Sebagai bukti resmi adanya kesepakatan transaksi jual beli tanah antara penjual dan pembeli.
- Sebagai dasar pembuatan sertifikat kepemilikan properti.
- Sebagai bukti peralihan hak kepemilikan dari penjual kepada pembeli secara sah.
- Sebagai pencegah tindakan penipuan dalam transaksi jual beli tanah.
- Sebagai jaminan hukum yang memberikan perlindungan kepada kedua belah pihak.
Isi akta jual beli tanah umumnya meliputi;
- identitas penjual dan pembeli;
- tanggal waktu penyerahan;
- poin-poin kesepakatan; dan
- informasi dan identitas lahan.
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, kita bisa menjawab dua pertanyaan sebelumnya, yaitu apakah akta jual beli tanah sama dengan sertifikat tanah? Dan apakah akta jual beli apakah kuat?
AJB tak sama dengan sertifikat tanah, karena akta jual beli menandakan peralihan hak, sedangkan sertifikat tanah merupakan dokumen kepemilikan properti.
Akta jual beli tanah yang dibuat oleh PPAT memiliki kedudukan kuat di mata hukum. Hal ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) nOMOR 24/1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah.
Syarat Membuat Akta Jual Beli Tanah
Proses pembuatan AJB tanah membutuhkan sejumlah syarat dokumen properti dan pribadi. Nah, berikut berkas yang wajib dikumpulkan berdasarkan PP Nomor 24/1997.
Syarat AJB Dokumen Properti
- Sertifikat tanah asli.
- Fotokopi sertifikat tanah.
- Bukti pembayaran Pajak Bumi Bangunan (PBB) 5 tahun terakhir, yang disertai Surat Tanda Terima Setoran (STTS).
- Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) asli.
- Bukti pembayaran tagihan listrik dan air.
- Surat roya atau bukti pelunasan jika properti pernah menjadi jaminan bank.
- Bukti pemeriksaan keaslian sertifikat tanah ke Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN).
Syarat AJB Dokumen Pribadi (Penjual dan Pembeli)
- Fotokopi Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) elektronik suami dan istri.
- Fotokopi kartu keluarga (KK).
- Fotokopi surat nikah.
- Fotokopi Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP).
- Surat ahli waris.
Itulah jawaban pertanyaan apa syarat membuat akta jual beli tanah yang harus dikumpulkan oleh penjual maupun pembeli tanah. Lalu, berapa biaya bikin akta jual beli tanah?
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Biaya Bikin Akta Jual Beli Tanah
Biaya buat akta jual beli tanah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang (ATR)/Kepala BPN Nomor 33/2021 tentang Uang Jasa Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah.
Pasal 1 peraturan tersebut menyebutkan bahwa uang jasa PPAT terkait membuat AJB tanah tak boleh lebih dari 1% dari harga transaksi yang tercantum dalam dokumen legal ini.
Persentase itu harus sudah termasuk honorarium saksi dalam pembuatan akta. Kemudian, Pasal 4 menyebutkannya lebih lengkap lagi dengan detail sebagai berikut.
- 1% untuk transaksi sampai Rp500.000.000.
- 0,75% untuk transaksi Rp500.000.000 sampai Rp1.000.000.000.
- 0,5% untuk transaksi Rp1.000.000.000 sampai Rp2.500.000.000.
- 0,25% untuk transaksi lebih dari Rp2.500.000.000.
Bila ingin mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang biaya AJB, silakan baca dalam artikel besaran biaya AJB tanah dan rumah melalui PPAT terbaru.
Cara Membuat Akta Jual Beli Tanah
Cara bikin akta jual beli tanah harus mengikuti prosedur yang sudah ditetapkan. Adapun langkah-langkah yang wajib diikuti oleh pemohon, yaitu sebagai berikut.
- Mengumpulkan seluruh persyaratan dokumen ke PPAT, kemudian seluruh berkas akan diperiksa, termasuk mengecek bukti bayar PBB untuk memastikan tidak ada tunggakan.
- Petugas PPAT memeriksa keaslian sertifikat tanah ke BPN untuk memastikan tanah tidak sengketa atau jaminan bank.
- Petugas PPAT memeriksa surat persetujuan penjualan dari suami dan istri. Apabila ada ahli waris, maka wajib ada surat keterangan kematian.
- Menyerahkan bukti pembayaran pajak penghasilan (PPh) sebesar 5% dari harga transaksi Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB).
- Setelah seluruh dokumen diverifikasi, selanjutnya penandatanganan akta yang wajib dihadiri pihak penjual, pembeli, dan saksi dari petugas PPAT.
Mengurus akta jual beli tanah membutuhkan waktu sekitar 30 hari kerja atau satu bulan (apabila tidak ada sengketa). Dalam proses ini, biasanya PPAT akan meminta Anda untuk membayar;
- PPh sebesar 5% dari harga lahan yang dibayarkan;
- pajak penjual; dan
- BPHTB sebesar 5%.
Demikian informasi tentang pengertian AJB, kekuatan dokumen ini di mata hukum, syarat pembuatan, cara buat akta jual beli tanah, biaya, serta keterangan bikin AJB berapa lama.
Semoga informasi yang disampaikan bermanfaat.
Ngobrol tentang jual beli properti di forum Teras123!